Preparations include the dehydration of alcohols, the dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides, and. Pdf chemical graph theory is one of the branches in mathematical chemistry that uses graph theory as an index for the chemical occurrence. Both alkanes and alkenes can be burnt to form heat along with carbon dioxide and water vapor. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen and single bonds. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain as the parent chain. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the double bond. The physical properties of alkenes are similar to those of alkanes. Alkenes are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. Preparation of alkanes from unsaturated hydrocarbons. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, so the study of organic chemistry is important because all living things are based on carbon compounds. Hydrocarbons are further divided into several structural types called, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and. Introduction to alkenes and alkynes in an alkane, all covalent bonds.
They called unsaturated because the c atoms in a cc double bond dont have as many hydrogens bonded to them as an alkane does. Pdf on dec 20, 2017, dr sumanta mondal and others published sp3 hybridization in alkanes, halogenation of alkanes, uses of paraffins find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Ch 3 ch ch ch 2 ch 2 ch 2 ch 2 ch 3 ch 3 ch 3 7 carbons heptb. This leads to them having different properties, and different chemistry. Organic reactions summary alkenes, alkynes and variations. The international union of pure and applied chemistry iupac is the organization that assigns names to chemical compounds, and these names generally have three. Bookmark file pdf alkanes and alkenes datasheet answers thank you categorically much for downloading alkanes and alkenes datasheet answers. The most important compound with a triple bond is ethyne also.
Learn the iupac system for naming alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic rings. To compare the chemical reactivity of an alkane, an alkene, and an aromatic compound. Alkanes and cycloalkanes section 2 of organic chemistry notes is 18 pages in length page 21 through page 218 and covers all youll need to know about the following lecturebook topics section 2 the nature of organic compounds. To work out the best way to distinguish alkanes from alkenes. The simple difference between alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. General methods of preparation of alkanes wurtz reaction. Organic chemistry university of california riverside. The longest hydrocarbon chain is selected and is termed as parent chain in case of alkanes.
They are also sometimes referred to as olefins or as unsaturated compounds. Alkanes chemical nomenclature assigns compounds a unique name that allows them to be easily identified and structurally understood. Pdf computing the harmonic index for alkanes, alkenes and. Yet, it nomenclature is not the only difference between alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanesandalkenesworksheet how can we distinguish between alkanes and alkenes. Alkenes have low melting points and boiling points. Melting and boiling points increase as the number of carbons increases because of increased surface area. Draw the line bond structures for the following alkenes, cyclic alkenes, and alkynes. The terms alkenes and olefins often are used interchangeably.
Alkenes have physical properties low boiling points, insoluble in water quite similar to those of their corresponding alkanes. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons having the chemical formula c n h 2n. Elimination reactions alkenes olefins are hydrocarbons that contain a carboncarbon double bond and are said to be unsaturated. Hydrocarbons 365 unit after studying this unit, you will be able to name hydrocarbons according to iupac system of nomenclature. Preparations alkenes are generally prepared through. Chapter 12 alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. To use physical and chemical properties to identify an unknown. In the presence of certain catalysts called initiators, many alkenes form polymers by the addition of monomers greek. For instance, the scientific names of alkenes contain the suffix ene as part of their name. H 3 c ch 2 ch 2 c ch 2 h 3 c ch 2 h 3 c ch 2 ch 2 c ch 2 h 3 c ch 2 parent pentene not hexene. This naming is the reason why we still call functional groups alkanes saturated. The alkenes follow a pattern much like that of the alkanes.
Displaying all worksheets related to alkanes alkenes. When the chain is longer than 3 carbons, number the atoms such that the double bond is given the lowest number i. They are also called saturated hydrocarbons because they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon. Pyrolysis of higher alkanes to give a mixture of lower alkanes, alkenes is called cracking. While alkanes and alkenes are both hydrocarbons, the primary difference is that alkanes are saturated molecules, containing only single covalent bonds. A hydrocarbon molecule contains only carbon and hydrogen. Alkene nomenclature please read and understand prefixparentsuffix suffix for alkenes. Other types of reaction have been substitution and elimination. According to iupac, alkenes include all aliphatic hydrocarbons exhibiting one and only one double bond 16. Alkenes having one double bond, thus lost 2 hydrogens or alkynes a. Olefins encompass a larger set of compounds as shown in figure 36, including alkenes 17.
Alkenes, also referred to as olefins, are organic unsaturated hydrocarbons that are made of carbon and hydrogen atoms with one or more carboncarbon double bonds in their chemical structure. Ch08 reacns of alkenes landscape page 1 reactions of alkenes since bonds are stronger than bonds, double bonds tend to react to convert the double bond into bonds this is an addition reaction. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen saturated hydrocarbons. An introduction alkanes are aliphatic hydrocarbons having onl. The scientific names of alkynes contains the suffix yne. Name the parent hydrocarbon by locating the longest carbon chain that contains the double bond and name it according to the number of carbons with the suffix ene. Main idea alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons alkenes and alkynes react with h 2 in the presence of finely divided catalysts such as platinum, palladium or nickel to form alkanes.
To investigate the physical properties, solubility, and density of some hydrocarbon. Most likely you have knowledge that, people have look numerous period for their favorite books gone this alkanes and alkenes datasheet answers, but end occurring in harmful downloads. Worksheets are alkanes and alkenes work, alkanes work and key, naming alkanes, alkanes and alkenes, work, naming and drawing alkenes work and key, alkenes and alkynes work, naming alkynes work 1 c4 305. Compounds with at least one double or triple bond 2. By hydrogenation of alkenescc pdf available in molecules 257. The hydrocarbons that has carbon carbon single bond.
Compound with only single bonds unsaturated hydrocarbons. Click on popout icon or print icon to worksheet to print or download. If more than one different chains are of equal length number of carbons, choose the one with the greater number of branch points. Alkanes and alkenes worksheet igcse coordinated sciences.
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